Medical Gymnastics
Swedish medical gymnasts have in practice always made use of gymnastics proper as well as of other manipulations, such as hacking, clapping, beating, shaking, kneading, etc. They included these, as many still do, among passive movements, but according to the above definitions these manipulations ought undoubtedly to be reckoned as massage, which of course does not prevent their being used by medical gymnasts.
By massage, on the other hand, is meant a mechanical influence with a therapeutic aim, applied by means of movable pressure produced by certain manipulations (strokings, kneadings, pinching, beating or tapping, etc.) on the soft parts.Briefly, gymnastics may be described as movements (and positions), massage as manipulations.